Sooty mold-a dark, usually black fungus growing on honeydew secreted by insects, and producing a soot-like covering on leaves, stems, and fruit. Often magnification is needed to observe signs. Examples are pathogen structures or insect bodies and their products. Signs-the actual agent causing the symptoms. Shot-hole-a symptom produced by the dropping out of the dead center of a leaf spot, leaving a hole in the leaf. Skeletonization-results from the feeding pattern of certain leaf-feeding insects only the leaf veins remain and the material between the veins is missing. Scab-roughened, crustlike areas on the surface of fruit, leaves, tubers, etc., usually slightly raised or sunken and cracked, giving a scabby appearance. Necrosis– death of plant cells, usually resulting in darkening of the tissue. Lesion-a localized area of discolored, diseased tissue. Leaf spot-a well-defined dead area on a leaf. Leaf mining-damage within a leaf caused by an insect that lives inside the leaf and feeds between the upper and lower surfaces may be a winding, narrow tunnel or an irregular blotch. Honeydew-a sticky fluid rich in sugars, excreted by certain insects such as aphids, scales, mealybugs, and whiteflies. Girdling roots-roots that are tightly coiled around the trunk of a tree, above or below ground. Gallery-a collection or pattern of small tunnels radiating from a single source, such as is made by certain insects. Gall-a swelling or overgrowth of plant tissue may be caused by insects, mites, fungi, bacteria, or other organisms. Examples of symptoms are presented italicized: blight, spots, wilt, etc.).Īnthracnose-a type of sunken and or/discolored lesions on leaf, stem, or fruit lesions.īleeding-sap flowing from a wound, in some cases with a distinctive red tone.īlight-general and rapid death of leaves, branches, twigs, or flower parts.īlister-swollen, raised area on a leaf or other plant part.īronzing-a yellow or golden discoloration of leaves caused by a very high density of tiny spots or speckles that coalesce.Ĭanker-a localized wound or dead and discolored area on the bark, often sunken.Ĭonk-a fungal structure, usually formed by wood rot fungus, that commonly extends from the bark in a shelflike fashion.Ībnormal leaf color (chlorosis) on pin oakĭecline-plants growing poorly, often with small, discolored leaves some defoliation and dieback mayĭefoliation-loss of foliage either leaf drop or disappearance of leaf tissue by chewing damage.ĭieback-progressive death of twigs or branches, beginning at their tips and advancing toward their base.Įmergence holes-randomly scattered, small, round holes through bark that connect to tunnels made by wood boring beetles inside wood.įecal specks or Frass-small, dark, shiny drops of dried excrement from insects on the surface of leaves or fruit also known as varnish spots. Symptom-visible response of a plant to a disease or insect (. Examples of signs are presented underlined for example: (e.g., conk, frass, honeydew, etc.) Terms Used to Describe Plant Problems (including plant disease, insect damage and disorders)
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